Internal-combustion engine.



A/M. LAYOOCK. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLIGATIQN FILED NOV. 27,1911.

1 ,O38,' T/67, Patented Sept. 17, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. 5

WITNESSES. 7

lA/l/E/VTOR A TTOR/VEY A. M. LAYCOUK. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

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APPLICATION FILED NOV 27, 1911.

Patented Sept. 17, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES: MMPLXA TOR/V5 V cccwcv,

giii ii. iilsiij ARTHETIE M .5525321331 36331, Hi? HHTHUI'E, MICH1G1AN.

H e it kccwm rim L ARTHUR Lrir'cocli, c schism; of tixc, King of Groctiiritaiiii and it. racficni, of Eiicizroit in the ccuiiiy of Wayne andState of Michigan, have ii1- vcnizcii c ncw and uccfuiiiitcrnai-Comisusticii Engine, of which following is cpccificaticm vThis invention rciaics tc fear-cycle interncLccmbustion cnggincs, andits ohjcc to provide avalve mechanism for engines of this typo which miieffectively control the admission and cr misc, which shall operatenoiseiessiy, and which simii conducc m the obtaining of maximumEiiiiiii-EHSY.

This invention consists in combination with the-cylinder of aninternai-combustion engine provided with i1ial-tc anci exhaust ports atits outer and, cf cylindricai vaivc chambers fittcd with piston valvesof thc {burgh-bell type, so ccnsiructcri that the spaces: between i'hciwc paris of both valves W311i s rvc the expicsicn chamber of theengine.

mrthc line 3 -3 cf 2. Fig. i is a horrzonml scctiozc simiig -r to Fig.tyne of engine. Q. n olmllcrircicrcncc crmractcrc refer to likepnrtsihroughout the ccvcral views.

iirfms engine, the crcnk-casc is shown for-maxi of two parts, 1 and 2,but the lnvcn- S, of a T-hecd ticn is not dependent upon anyparticularform of crankcase. .M'ountcd'on the crankcase is ihe cyhndcr 3hav ng a wuterackct c of any desired i0rm 1an 1 a threaded aperttrrcriiforiiic spark plug. A. piston 6 is shdabic' in the cylinder and has a pm7!.

which passes through the upper end of the ccnneciii g rod 8. he iowcremiof the con meeting rod embraces the crzinicpin 9 of tin-z crank-shaft10. The cnginc is. pro- Ii'. further consists in so ccnstructing the'licmi an or. cost port 12. Adjaccnt the cyiindcr are the cylindricalvalve chambers 13 and 1%, surrcunrlcci by the Waiter-jacket 4.

Doc object in thc construction of this envidcd rm; iias 31%??81. endwith an intake port 5!! gins is to reduce the space 'mtwccii t'iecyiindcr-hcari and i-hc piston when the latter is at. the rapper and ofiis sir-okra, ami to shorten the cxhcusi and intake ports, and thusreduce w a minimum the space which may be occupied by burnt gases afterthe 6G cylinder has been scavenged. The space 15 bctwecn the: piston andthe cylimicr-head need only be about of an inch, that is, sufiicicntiylarge to cont-51in cnongh cxplo sivc mixture to carry a, flame, althoughit shown larger in. proportion in the draw logs.

1'11 ordcr to shorten the intake and exhaust ports the centrai lines ofthc vaive chambers and of the cylinder may diverge clown- Warriiy, whichmay be the cascwvhen the ccm-shaiit and the crank-shaft are neccssax-iiat such distance from each other cm should the ccntrai iincs of this'VSi-i'v'f: chamdcsircbie to locate the valve (sham ers oflicm Wise,which may easily be donc'wi iicstiil preserving my principles;

T11 valve clicnibers"arc fcrmcdwvith-iicttom heads 18, from which thesleeves '19 tend downwardly and arc prcferabiy'linc i wit-hwnti-fricticn.tuhcs 20. Withimthcsc gimlll 56 But idc-not wish to i'tcd 20 thisconstruction, as 1t 'ma be giowid which have pins' 23 at {choir lowergill iii; which receive the-upper ends cf the hi'ikii 3 L, inbimtcd onthe crank-pins 25*25; the cam shaft 1?. Any desired meails be employedto drive the camc'hafb- 11 495 ciesircd, .{thc crankshaft 10 {gaybanprovided with c sprocket Whe ei cc'affihy dc nred coxi; .spruction,which 'isgqmiccted to the sprocket wheel 30 on the cam-shaft'by means.of a chain 31. The sprocket wheels 29 and 30 will be of such size thatthe cam-shaft will run at one-half the speed of the crankshaft, as isusual in four-cycle engines. The sleeves- 19 may be formedwithoil-cups33, by

- means of which the valve-stemse2l and 22 Y connects to the exhaustpipe 45.

A fuel pipe 46 connects at its lower end to a carbureter and forms ahood 47 which extends over the open end of the intakevalve chamber-13,and preferably integral crank-shaft.

with the exhaust connection 45. The valvestems are formed withports5051, and 52-53. Both sleeves 1-9 are formed with passages 54 which mayopen into the Y connection 55 which connects to the fuel pipe 46.

If-desircd, this P113855 may be-omitted so that instead of explosivemixture, fresh air will pass through the openings 54.

.' Fig. 1 shows theengine at the end of the .scaven ng stroke with thepiston about to move ownwardly and the exhaust valve moving upwardly,the crank-shaft and the cam-shaft both turning to the left, the camshaftturningat one-half the speed of the The exhaust port is shown closed bythe outer part 37 of the exhaust valve. The space between the parts37and 38 may be filled with explosive mixtures as hereinafter described.As the piston makes its down or charging stroke, the exhaust valve movesup and prevents any circulation through the port 12. The dotted linescrossing each other at right angles at the center of the cam-shaft crossthe path of the pins 2526 at the points a, b, 0 and d,

the pin 25 of the intake valve being shown in dotted lines. .The pins 25and 26 are ninety degrees apart. When the piston is in the positionshown in Fig. 1, both valves are at the same height, but while thepiston is going down, the intake valve is moving down, while the exhaustvalve is moving up owing to the movement of their pins 25 and26. At theend of the charging stroke, the exhaust valve will be at the height ofthe intake valve in Fig. 2 and the intake valve will be at .the heightof the exhaust valve in Fig. 1. The pin 26 will be at c andthe pin 25 atb. During the first half of the compression stroke the exhaust valvewill travelto the upper end of its stroke, in-

creasing the vacuum below the part 38,

which space will be filled when the port 51 stroke both valvesregisters; with the opening 54, at which 6: time, explosive mixture willrush in through the pipe 55, up. through the hollow valves? stem, and.out through the port 53 intoithis space below the valve piston 38. thecompletion of the compression stroke, both I0 valves will be at theheight in which theintake valve is shown in Fig. 2, the 26 being at dand the pin 25 at c, and t e exe plosion will occur. The explosivemixture fills the narrow space between the-piston and" thecylinder-head, the intake and-exhaust passages, and the spaces betweenthe upper and lower portions of the two valves. Asthe areas of the twoparts ofthe valves are equal, no undue strain will come on'the pins. 3023 because of the pressure of the explosion. During the working strokeof the engine, the exhaust valve will slowly move to t e posi-} tionshown in Figs. 1 and 2, while the "intake valve will move from theposition-ides which it is shown in Fig. 2 to the upper end of its strokeand then back'to thejheight in which it is there shown, the in 26 movingfrom a to a and the pin 25 mm c to d: It will thus be seen that duringthe entire working stroke of the piston, the spaces between the twoparts of'both valves are in communication with the bore of the cylin'der, so that the expanding gases may rush into the cylinder from thevalve chambers. At the end of the working are moving downward, theexhaust valve to uncover the exhaust port, which it leaves uncoveredduring the scavenging stroke, that is, while the pin 26 moves from a to6. During this time, however, the intake valve is moving from the heightin which it is 'shown in Fig; 2 to the height in whichthe exhaust valveis shown, the pin 25 moving from v a, during which time the intake portIfizi'; v

closed. This completes the cycle of the an:

As before stated, when a valve ris'es,a; charge of explosive mixture isdrawn into? 11"!) the space below its lower portion, and when the valvedescends, the port 52-53 soonbe-f comes closed. The charge belowthepart- 36- becomes compressed in the by-p'ass 40 until" the top of thelower portions of the piston 36 1-10 passes below the upper end oftheby-pasa At that instant the compressed charge will flow up throughthis by-pass andenter the space between the two parts of the valve,forcing out the burnt gases through the port 42 into the passage 44. Theaction is similar to the operationof a two-cycle engine and. results inthe space between the two parts of each valve being scavenged and filledwith an explosive mixture, In case-lit is not desired to use anexplosive mixture at i this point, the pipe '55 may be removed and freshair permitted to move in the same one dra-wnmto thccylinder should besomewhat richer,";sc that when it mi'ngles with the uncharged air in thespace between' the two partac f; the 'vadvsj, a proper explosivemixcasein result.

. instead of having, both valves on one sideioji-the'cylinderit will beevident that they can betspaeed in any other desired la Inert In Fig. ia T-head construction is slahwhfwvl icbycoinprises a cylinder 5, wateracket 52, and valve-chambers 53 and M; ,Eacl valvehhamber has a by-pass55.12am.

ending to .the by-pass iO just described, a passage 56 through which theburnt gases between the two parts of the valve and? escape. v

- 'roportions and details of construct: cg this engine may be changed byskilled-engineers without departing from the spirit of my invention.

lrclaim: I

1,. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder,'apiston therein, avalve-chamber adjacent said cylinder and revidcd'w'ithan inlet port at its lower end fotiithe .admission'of air, an exhaustport insenescent its ends for the exhaust of the mini-and a by-pass inits wall, a valve movable? insaid chamber and formed of two partsso asto constitute a receptacle for the compressed explosive mixture at thetime of the explosion, "the lower art of the valve controlling thepassage 01" air through said lay-pass and exhaust port of the valvechambar, to cause scavenging of said receptacle wfor the explosivemixture. 1

In an internal-ccmbustion engine, the

in combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, afvalve-cha'mberadjacent said cylinder and connected thereto by a port, the lower end ofsaid valve-chamber forming a compression chamber having a by-pass in itswall and a o port opposite the upper end of the by-pass, a

valve. in said chamber formed of two cylindrical parts, means to soposition the valvethat the space between its parts will be op posits thecylinder port during the working 54 stroke of the piston, and to so movethe valve that said space will be in line with the upper end oftheby-pass and the port oppo-- site the same so said space may bescavenged after each explosion.

55 3. In an internal-combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder, two cylindrical 4 valve-chambers adjacentthereto and connected thereto by ports, a valve movable in each chamberand comprising two connected guide therefor havin an apertureregistering'with a port insai stem when at the upper end of said stroke,said stein having a,

second wit which opens into-the lower end mgwnh a port in said stem whenat t. e up connected thereto by a port, said chamber pistons, a hollowstem for each valve, a

i vvhich-cbase" the explosive mixture rof the valve chamber when thestem is at the upper end of its stroke, and means to actuate raidvalves.

a. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, twocylindrical valve-chambers adjacent thereto and con nected thereto byports, a valve movable in each chamber and comprising two connectedpistons, a hollow stem for each valve, :1 guide therefor having anaperture re ister- 35 per end of said stroke, said stein having a secondport which opens into the lower end of the valve chamber when the stemis at the upper end of its stroke, and means to actuate said valves,each valve-chamber having a by-pass in its wall to permit communicationaround the lower valve-piston when at the lower end. of its stroke, andan exhaust passage which is opened by said lower piston when at suchlower end of its stroke.

5. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, twocylindrical valve chambers adjacent thereto and connected thereto byports, an exhaust pipe connected to the outer end of one'cham'ber, afuel-supply pipe connected to the outer end of the other chamber, avalve in each chamber formed of two pistons connected bye stem, eachvalve-chamber having a lay-pass in its wall to permit communicationaround the lower valve-piston when at the lower end of its stroke, andan exhaust passage which is opened by said lower pistonwhen at suchlower end of its stroke.

6. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of'a cylinder, twocylindrical valve chambers adjacent thereto and connected thereto byports, an exhaust pipe con nected to the outer end of one chamber, afuel-supply pipe connected to the outer end of the other chamber, acylindrical valve in each chamber formed of two connected pistons, theouter piston of each valve movable inwardly beyond its respective port,and means to so position the valves that the space between the parts ofeach will be opposite its port during the compression and explosion ofthe fuel in the cylinder.

7. 'In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, atvalvechamber adjacent thereto and connected thereto by a port, a valvemovable in said chamber, a hollow stern for the valve having a lateralopening at such a distance from the valve that it will communicatewiththe valve-x chamber when the stem is at the upper end of its stroke toadmit air into the valve chamber.

8. Inan ingernal-combi'istion engine, the combination. 0 i cylinder, avalve-chamber 125 adjacent thereto and connected thereto by a" port, avalve movable in said chamber, a hollow stem for the valve having alateral that it will communicate with the valve- "specification in thepresence of tweggqbscrib chamber when the stem is at the upper end.witpesseey of its stroke to admit air into the valve 2 Y chamber, saidvalve-chamber having a pas- ARTHUR- M.. LAYGQCK. sage in itswallevhereby air may, escape i from the lower end of the valve-chamberWitnesses: I

when the valve reaches the lower end ofits LAURA D. LAYGOCK,

stroke. 7 'i EDWARD N. 'Pmmm;

opening at such a distance from the veh e f In fiestimeny whereofI'ifeire' this- 1o

